To estimate the treatment effect of participation in an asthma intervention that was part of the National Asthma Control Program, data on children who participated in asthma case management and eligible children who did not participate in case management were extracted from a Medicaid claims database. Measures of healthcare utilization, socio-demographics, and neighborhood characteristics were constructed. After creating a comparison group similar to the participants in terms of all characteristics before participation, researchers estimated the effect of the program on asthma outcomes. The program did increase the use of preventive healthcare by participants. Over the time period studied, these behaviors did not decrease healthcare utilization for asthma exacerbations. Researchers were unable to discern whether the lack of effect was because of the nature of the program, heterogeneity of the effects, or barriers outside the program’s control. To read the complete study in The American Journal of Managed Care, please click here.